多發性硬化癥是一種影響患者神經系統的自體免疫疾病,導致患者身體和認知功能的喪失。如今,研究人員鑒別出一種可能是影響進展性多發性硬化癥的因子,新成果發表在8月在線出版的《自然—免疫學》期刊上。
多發性硬化癥有不同類型的疾病進展模式。臨床上,依病程進展可分為四類:復發—緩解型、次發—漸進型、*—漸進型和漸進—復發型。其疾病的進展又可簡單分為兩個階段,復發—緩解型階段主要為免疫引起的發炎反應,而漸進階段則包含了神經的退化。
但在復發—緩解型階段后,病情會出現不可逆轉的進展型發展。目前還沒有針對這種進展型多發性硬化癥的有效療法。
Howard Weiner和Francisco Quintana的一個研究小組鑒別出一種名為15-HC的脂肪,這種脂肪在進展型患者體內的含量提高了,而在復發—緩解型患者體內卻沒有這種情況。科學家們發現,15-HC激活了一種名為PARP-1的受體,阻止了PARP-1的活性,降低了進展型多發性硬化癥模式小鼠的病程。
進一步的研究還將確認一個新問題:控制PARP-1的活性是否治療進展型多發性硬化癥的潛在方法。
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that begins as a relapsing-remitting disease (RRMS) and is followed by a progressive phase (SPMS). The progressive phase causes the greatest disability and has no effective therapy, but the processes that drive SPMS are mostly unknown. Here we found higher serum concentrations of 15-hydroxicholestene (15-HC) in patients with SPMS and in mice with secondary progressive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) but not in patients with RRMS. In mice, 15-HC activated microglia, macrophages and astrocytes through a pathway involving Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1). PARP-1 activity was higher in monocytes of patients with SPMS, and PARP-1 inhibition suppressed the progression of EAE. Thus, the TLR2–PARP-1 pathway is a potential new therapeutic target in SPMS.